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State of CSS 2023

CSS Frameworks

Once again, Tailwind CSS stands apart as the one major UI framework that developers are happy to keep using; while Open Props is generating a small but passionate following.

Ratios Over Time

Compare Data
Retention, interest, usage, and awareness ratio over time.
Bootstrap
Materialize CSS
Ant Design
Semantic UI/Fomantic UI
Bulma
Foundation
UIKit
Tachyons
Tailwind CSS
PureCSS
Open Props
Blaze UI
UnoCSS

Technologies with less than 10% awareness not included. Each ratio is defined as follows:

  • Retention: would use again / (would use again + would not use again)
  • Interest: want to learn / (want to learn + not interested)
  • Usage: (would use again + would not use again) / total
  • Awareness: (total - never heard) / total
💡
The Experience Over Time chart can be toggled between retention, interest, usage, and awareness to give you a fuller picture of a category.

Experience Over Time

Overview of opinions on the technologies surveyed over time.
Would use again
Would not use
Interested
Not interested
Never heard

Technologies with only one year of data are not included.

Positive/Negative Split

This chart splits positive (“want to learn”, “would use again”) vs negative (“not interested”, “would not use again”) experiences on both sides of a central axis.

Bar thickness represents the number of respondents aware of a technology.

We asked members of the CSS community to share their “pick of the year”

My 2023 Pick: Scroll-Driven Animations

If I went back 2 years, I'd never have imagined CSS having scroll-driven animations. Yet, here we are!

We asked members of the CSS community to share their “pick of the year”

Ahmad Shadeed

Design Engineer and Writer at ishadeed.com

Other Tools

Compare Data

Overall Happiness

Compare Data
6364 question respondents out of 9190 survey participants (69.3% completion percentage)

Bootstrap

Comments29
Compare Data
Respondent's experience with Bootstrap.
6814 question respondents out of 9190 survey participants (74.2% completion percentage)
Would use again
Would not use
Interested
Not interested
Never heard

Materialize CSS

Comments6
Compare Data
Respondent's experience with Materialize CSS.
6802 question respondents out of 9190 survey participants (74.1% completion percentage)
Would use again
Would not use
Interested
Not interested
Never heard

Ant Design

Comments3
Compare Data
Respondent's experience with Ant Design.
6796 question respondents out of 9190 survey participants (74% completion percentage)
Would use again
Would not use
Interested
Not interested
Never heard

Semantic UI/Fomantic UI

Comments1
Compare Data
Respondent's experience with Semantic UI/Fomantic UI.
6791 question respondents out of 9190 survey participants (73.9% completion percentage)
Would use again
Would not use
Interested
Not interested
Never heard

Bulma

Comments1
Compare Data
Respondent's experience with Bulma.
6787 question respondents out of 9190 survey participants (73.9% completion percentage)
Would use again
Would not use
Interested
Not interested
Never heard

Foundation

Comments5
Compare Data
Respondent's experience with Foundation.
6780 question respondents out of 9190 survey participants (73.8% completion percentage)
Would use again
Would not use
Interested
Not interested
Never heard

UIKit

Comments2
Compare Data
Respondent's experience with UIKit.
6776 question respondents out of 9190 survey participants (73.8% completion percentage)
Would use again
Would not use
Interested
Not interested
Never heard

Tachyons

Comments3
Compare Data
Respondent's experience with Tachyons.
6770 question respondents out of 9190 survey participants (73.7% completion percentage)
Would use again
Would not use
Interested
Not interested
Never heard

Tailwind CSS

Comments31
Compare Data
Respondent's experience with Tailwind CSS.
6805 question respondents out of 9190 survey participants (74.1% completion percentage)
Would use again
Would not use
Interested
Not interested
Never heard

PureCSS

Comments2
Compare Data
Respondent's experience with PureCSS.
6774 question respondents out of 9190 survey participants (73.8% completion percentage)
Would use again
Would not use
Interested
Not interested
Never heard

Open Props

Comments5
Compare Data
Respondent's experience with Open Props.
6755 question respondents out of 9190 survey participants (73.6% completion percentage)
Would use again
Would not use
Interested
Not interested
Never heard

Blaze UI

Comments2
Compare Data
Respondent's experience with Blaze UI.
6771 question respondents out of 9190 survey participants (73.7% completion percentage)
Would use again
Would not use
Interested
Not interested
Never heard

UnoCSS

Comments3
Compare Data
Respondent's experience with UnoCSS.
6772 question respondents out of 9190 survey participants (73.7% completion percentage)
Would use again
Would not use
Interested
Not interested
Never heard